Central government

All Standard Notes
55 Documents
DateDescription
15.05.2012FoI and Ministerial vetoes
The Lord Chancellor, Jack Straw, issued the first ministerial veto in relation to an FoI request on 23 February 2009 for the contents of the legal advice on military action against Iraq. Two subsequent vetoes have been issued protecting communications on devolution issues. A fourth veto was issued on 8 May 2012 blocking the release of the NHS Transitional Risk Register. This Standard Note traces the history of the veto within FoI legislation and summarises comparative examples abroad.
10.05.2012How the UK Government deals with EU Business
This Note looks at UK Government and Civil Service structures and culture; what happens at the UK-EU interface, and methods for transposing EU law into UK law.
18.04.2012Queen's Speech 2012
This Standard Note gathers together speculation on the issues that might be included in the forthcoming Queen's Speech.
29.03.2012Orders under the Public Bodies Act 2011
The Public Bodies Act 2011 received royal assent on 14 December 2011. The Act provides for orders to be brought forward to abolish, merge, modify the constitutional arrangements of; modify the funding arrangements of; and modify or transfer the functions of public bodies.
27.03.2012The Ministerial Code
This Note looks at the Ministerial Code and the developments connected with it since 2010.
02.03.2012Parliamentary involvement in public appointments
This note sets out the background to pre-appointment hearings; considers the operation of the hearings to date; and outlines the findings of research commissioned by the Cabinet Office and the Liaison Committee on the impact of the pilot. It also briefly reviews the Liaison Committee's proposals for reforming pre-appointment hearings in the light of that research.
14.02.2012Business Appointment Rules
This note explains how the rules operate which regulate the appointment of former Permanent Secretaries (and deputy secretaries) and former Ministers to posts in the private sector. The Rules were revised in 2011 to set out a new 'general principle' of a two year ban on former ministers lobbying Government after they leave This has been incorporated in the Ministerial Code. Revised rules were also issued for civil servants in February 2011. In January 2012 PASC announced a new inquiry into the current operation of the Business Appointment Rules.
02.02.2012Honours
This Note sets out the current operation of the Honours system and summarises the results of earlier reviews.
25.01.2012Lobbying
This note sets out issues relating to lobbying in the UK, including the announcement of the Government's consultation paper on a statutory register. It includes background to the Public Administration Select Committee's inquiry and the main findings of their report as well as the Government response. It also includes details of the 1991 Select Committee on Members' Interests report and the relevant work of the Committee on Standards in Public Life.
15.12.2011Special advisers
This Standard Note summarises developments regarding Special Advisers since 2000.
24.11.2011The Public Bodies Bill [HL] : Commons and remaining stages
This standard note covers the Commons stages of the Public Bodies Bill [HL]
16.11.2011Impeachment
This Note looks at the history of impeachment.
15.11.2011Investigatory inquiries and the Inquiries Act 2005
The 2005 Act provides a statutory framework for inquiries into matters of public concern, but there are alternative ways of establishing inquiries of this nature. The various forms of inquiry are examined in this note.
11.08.2011Public Service Reform
This Standard Note provides background information on the Coalition Government's public service reform agenda and current ideas about commissioning public services.
11.08.2011Abolition of the COI
This Standard Note provides background information on the Coalition Government's decision to abolish the Central Office of Information (COI).
11.05.2011Progress of the Public Bodies Bill [HL] 2010-11
This note briefly sets out the outcome of the review of public bodies before providing information on the progress of the Bill in the Lords so far. There is a Library Standard Note SN/PC/5609, Quangos, which sets out the background to the bill and general information about the 'quango debate'.
09.05.2011Parliamentary Private Secretaries
This note sets out the history, role, scope of, and restrictions on, the office of the Parliamentary Private Secretary.
09.03.2011Public records, freedom of information and the Royal Family
This Note outlines exemptions in the Freedom of Information act relating to the Royal Family, in addition to outlining attempts to create new exemptions through amendments to the Constitutional Reform and Governance Bill. Finally, the Note outlines the recommendations of the Dacre Review, for a reduction in the 30 year rule for public records, and related Government proposals.
07.03.2011Prime Ministers
This note lists the Prime Ministers that have served in the United Kingdom, since 1721.
31.01.2011Quangos
This note provides a short history of public bodies in the United Kingdom before looking at the size and cost of the quango state. It considers why the number and cost of quangos has been hard to control. It then looks at the accountability of public bodies and appointments mechanisms. It also sets out the main provisions of the Public Bodies Bill [HL] as introduced. The Library Standard Note SN/PC/5845, Progress of the Public Bodies Bill [HL] 2010-11 provides more detailed information on the Bill
13.12.2010Ministerial Residences
The Library receives numerous requests for information about ministerial residences, particularly details of costs and entitlement but also historical background. Such information is in the public domain but is scattered around many sources including, in particular, parliamentary questions. This note attempts to draw together some of that information.
23.11.2010Civil Service reform
This note outlines the Coalition Government's plans for the civil service. It also provides a very brief overview of civil service reform since 1979.
18.11.2010The Commissioner for Public Appointments
This note reviews the role and work of the Commissioner for Public Appointments. It additionally outlines the role of Ministers in public appointments.
09.11.2010Government Offices for the Regions
Government Offices for the English Regions are to be abolished
09.08.2010Limitations on the number of Ministers and the size of the Payroll vote
This standard note sets out the statutory limits on the number of appointments to paid ministerial posts and the proportion of Ministers in the Commons. This note also looks at recent proposals to reduce the number of Ministers and provides figures for the size of the payroll vote since 1979.
28.07.2010Freedom of Information: the first five years
The Freedom of Information Act came into force in January 2005. This note reviews the operation of the Act over the first five years of implementation.
27.07.2010Parliamentary Ombudsman: right of Appeal
Members often ask on behalf of their constituents whether there is any appeal against a decision by the Parliamentary Ombudsman (also called the Parliamentary Commissioner for Administration). This note provides guidance on this subject.
20.07.2010PIL: Twentieth Century Prime Ministers and their Governments
10.06.2010PIL: Special Advisers
03.06.2010Hung parliaments
This note sets out situations where there has been no overall control in the House of Commons during the twentieth century. It considers precedents and conventions governing how the monarch might decide which party should form a government in such a situation, and when a request for a dissolution might be granted. The note also considers how a minority government or coalition might affect the work of Parliament. Lastly, it looks briefly at the formation of coalition governments in Scotland and Wales.
25.05.2010Women in Parliament and public service
Women make up 51% of the population of the UK, but only 22% of MPs are women. This note looks at women in Parliament, Government and other areas of public life.
10.02.2010Freedom of Information requests
This note gives a brief summary of the rights in relation to Freedom of Information (FoI) since the Freedom of Information Act 2000 came into force on 1 January 2005, to enable requesters to understand the statutory background.
30.12.2009The Royal Prerogative
This note sets out the historical background to the Royal Prerogative before describing general prerogative powers and the Crown's personal prerogative powers. It then sets out recent proposals for reform. It does not provide detailed information on individual prerogative powers.
21.10.2009Misconduct in public office
This Note briefly sets out the history of the Common Law offence of 'misconduct in public office'. It looks at recent use of the offence in prosecutions and considers proposals to place the offence on a statutory footing.
23.09.2009Civil Service Legislation
This note sets out the Government's 2008 proposals for civil service legislation and the responses by the Joint Committee on the Draft Constitutional Renewal Bill and the Public Administration Select Committees. It also includes some details of the Bill published by the Public Administration Select committee, the Private Member's Bills introduced in the House of Commons and House of Lords, and the previous Bill published by the Government.
03.06.2009Crown Employment (Nationality) Bill 2006-07
This Private Member's Bill is due for a second reading on Friday 12 June 2009. This Note gives background to its provisions which are designed to liberalise the nationality requirements for civil servants.
27.05.2009Electronic Government
This Standard Note describes e-Government, outlines Government efforts in this field, and related issues.
24.04.2009Effect of Budget 2009 on departmental expenditure
30.12.2008Official Secrecy
This Note briefly charts the developments of the 'public interest' argument since the first Official Secrets Act of 1889 and considers recent developments.
25.06.2008Ministerial Salaries
This Standard Note sets out the background to and effect of the Ministerial and other Salaries Order 2008, which was laid before both Houses of Parliament in draft on 2 June 2008.
03.06.2008The Union Flag and Flags of the United Kingdom
The purpose of this Note is also to set out a brief history of the flags of the United Kingdom and to explain the current guidance issued by the DCMS.
30.04.2008The Central-Local Concordat
This note covers the central-local concordat signed in December 2007 in fulfilment of a pledge in the Governance of Britain Green Paper.
11.03.2008PIL: Ministers in the Conservative Governments: 1979-1997
28.02.2008Prime Ministerial involvement in senior ecclesiastical appointments
This note sets out the Government's proposals to reform the Prime Minister's involvement in senior ecclesiastical appointments and the response of the Church of England.
27.11.2007Fees for FoI requests
This Note looks at the Government plans to change the fees regime for Freedom of Information (FoI) requests announced in 2001.
20.06.2007The Scottish Parliamentary elections May 2007: The formation of the Scottish Executive and the election of a Presiding Officer
This Standard Note sets out the sequence of events leading to the formation of the current Scottish Executive. It also summarises the results of the election of the new Presiding Officer and the appointment of MSPs to the Scottish Parliamentary Corporate Body.
04.06.2007The Freedom of Information (Amendment) Bill 2006/07: Progress of the Bill
This Note updates Research Paper 07/18 The Freedom of Information (Amendment) Bill, which was published on 21 February. Since then, this Bill has finished its Commons stages.
08.11.2006The office of Deputy Prime Minister
This Note gives the background to the office and the role of the Deputy Prime Minister.
04.05.2006Freedom of Information, data protection and papers of a previous administration
The Freedom of Information Act 2000 has now been in force from January 2005. This Standard Note examines the interaction between data protection with particular reference to the position of officials and the papers of a previous administration.
20.02.2006The Civil Service Code
This Note looks at the background to the drafting of the current Civil Service Code, which was first issued in May 1996 and gives the text of the new draft code published for consultation by the Cabinet Secretary and the First Civil Service Commissioner on 26 January 2006.
26.01.2006The Lyons and Gershon Reviews and variations in Civil Service conditions
Organisational changes to the Civil Service over the past thirty years have meant that the majority of civil servants now work in Departments and Executive Agencies in which the responsibility for pay and conditions are decided locally. Uniform pay structures and conditions of service have been significantly eroded. The Government have launched major reviews into the operation of the civil service and these include the Lyons and Gershon Reviews.
07.12.2005Public Service Agreements
This note offers a brief summary of the history and purpose of Public Service Agreements, introduced in 1998 as part of the Comprehensive Spending Review.
05.07.2005The Privy Council
The Privy Council is an ancient and dignified institution of government, which has its origins in the earliest days of the monarchy. This standard note explains the origins of the Council and gives details of its functions and committees.
30.06.2005Civil Servants: Employment Rights
19.01.2004Changes to Government communications machinery
This note sets out the changes made to the Government Information and Communications Service at No 10 following the interim Phillis Review, published in August 2003.
All Research Papers
11 Documents
DateDescription
14.06.2011Public Bodies Bill [HL]
The Public Bodies [HL] Bill is largely enabling legislation. It would allow ministers, by order, to abolish, merge or transfer the functions of the public bodies listed in the appropriate schedules to the Act. It is the main legislative vehicle for taking forward the Government's review of public bodies, the results of which were published in October 2010.
15.06.2009The Departmental Select Committee System
On 25 June 1979 the House of Commons agreed to establish a new system of departmental select committees to scrutinise the expenditure, administration and policy of government departments. This paper briefly sets out the historical background to the departmental select committees system before charting their development over the last 30 years, considering evaluations made of the system and recent proposals for reform.
16.05.2008Regulatory Enforcement and Sanctions Bill [HL] 2007-08
Regulatory Enforcement and Sanctions Bill (HL) 2007-08. (Bill 103 of 2007-08). House of Commons Library Research Paper 08/46.
23.04.2008Parliamentary Involvement in Public Appointments
09.03.2007The Statistics and Registration Service Bill, Committee Stage Report
The Statistics and Registration Service Bill, Committee Stage Report. House of Commons Library Research Paper 07/25
21.12.2005The Centre of Government - No. 10, the Cabinet Office and HM Treasury
24.11.2004Freedom of Information implementation
Freedom of Information implementation. House of Commons Library Research Paper 04/84.
15.11.2004Collective Responsibility of Ministers
The collective responsibility of ministers - an outline of the issues. House of Commons Library Research Paper 04/82.
05.04.2004Individual ministerial responsibility-issues and examples
Individual ministerial responsibility - issues and examples. House of Commons Library Research Paper 04/31.
12.12.2000Shifting control?
Shifting control? Aspects of the executive-parliamentary relationship. House of Commons Library Research Paper 00/92.
05.04.2000Advisers to Ministers
Advisers to ministers. House of Commons Library Research Paper 00/42.
All Select Committee Reports
65 Select Committee Reports
DateDescription
15.02.2012Role and functions of departmental Chief Scientific Advisers.
Science and Technology Select Committee (HL) report [Lords]
13.09.2011The performance of the Ministry of Defence 2009-10.
Government response. Defence Select Committee; Ministry of Defence report [Commons]
19.07.2011Ministry of Defence main estimates 2011-12.
Defence Select Committee report [Commons]
18.07.2011Home Office - work of the Permanent Secretary.
Home Affairs Select Committee report [Commons]
14.07.2011Role of the FCO in UK government.
Government response. Foreign and Commonwealth Office report [Commons]
06.07.2011Pre-appointment hearing for the post of Parliamentary and Health Services Ombudsman.
Public Administration Select Committee report [Commons]
06.07.2011Remuneration of the Parliamentary and Health Services Ombudsman.
Public Administration Select Committee report [Commons]
22.06.2011The performance of the Ministry of Defence 2009-10.
Defence Select Committee report [Commons]
22.06.2011Cross-government: Information and Communications Technology in government: Landscape review.
Public Accounts Committee report [Commons]
09.06.2011Cabinet Manual.
Government response. Public Administration Select Committee report [Commons]
11.05.2011Departmental business planning.
Public Accounts Committee report [Commons]
27.04.2011Role of the FCO in UK government.
Foreign Affairs Select Committee report [Commons]
30.03.2011Cabinet Manual.
Public Administration Select Committee report [Commons]
22.03.2011Constitutional implications of the Cabinet Manual.
Political and Constitutional Reform Select Committee report [Commons]
16.03.2011Smaller government: shrinking the quango state.
Government response. Cabinet Office report [Commons]
10.03.2011Lessons from the process of government formation after the 2010 general election.
Government response. Political and Constitutional Reform Select Committee report [Commons]
01.03.2011Smaller Government: what do Ministers do?
Public Administration Select Committee report [Commons]
25.01.2011HMRC 2009-10 accounts.
Public Accounts Committee report [Commons]
20.01.2011Lessons from the process of government formation after the 2010 general election.
Political and Constitutional Reform Select Committee report [Commons]
18.01.2011Ministry of Justice Financial Management.
Public Accounts Committee report [Commons]
20.12.2010Smaller government: shrinking the quango state.
Public Administration Select Committee report [Commons]
15.12.2010Treasury Minutes on the the Public Accounts Committee, first and second reports of session 2010-11 (HC...
Government response. Public Accounts Committee report [Commons]
14.12.2010Central Government use of consultants and interims.
Public Accounts Committee report [Commons]
14.12.2010Financial Scrutiny of the Department for Transport.
Transport Select Committee report [Commons]
01.12.2010Financing PFI projects in the credit crisis and the Treasury's response.
Public Accounts Committee report [Commons]
16.11.2010Pre-appointment hearing for the dual post of First Civil Service Commissioner and Commissioner for Public...
Public Administration Select Committee report [Commons]
26.10.2010Performance of the Department for Transport.
Government response. Transport Select Committee; Department for Transport report [Commons]
26.07.2010Administration and expenditure of the Chancellor's departments 2008-09.
Government response. Treasury report [Commons]
30.06.2010Constitution Select Committee (HL) first report on Government Response to the Cabinet Office and the
Government response. Constitution Select Committee (HL) report [Lords]
31.03.2010Leaks and Whistleblowing in Whitehall.
Government response. Cabinet Office; Public Administration Select Committee report [Commons]
24.03.2010Endorsing nine reports from the Comptroller and Auditor General.
Public Accounts Committee report [Commons]
25.02.2010Bad Language: The Use and Abuse of Official Language.
Government response. Public Administration Select Committee report [Commons]
24.02.2010The Government's review of the principles applying to the treatment of independent scientific advice
Science and Technology Select Committee; Cabinet Office report [Commons]
24.02.2010Administration and expenditure of the Chancellor's departments 2008-09.
Treasury Select Committee report [Commons]
22.02.2010Departmental Annual Report 2009 and the performance of the department in 2008-09.
Communities and Local Government Select Committee report [Commons]
05.02.2010The balance of power: central and local government.
Government response. Communities and Local Government report [Commons]
06.01.2010Constitution Select Committee (HL) fourth report on The Cabinet Office and the Centre of Government.
Constitution Select Committee (HL) report [Lords]
10.12.2009Lobbying: developments since the Committee's first report of session 2008-09 (HC 36).
Public Administration Select Committee report [Commons]
09.12.2009Financial management in the Foreign and Commonwealth Office.
Public Accounts Committee report [Commons]
09.12.2009The Government's review of the principles applying to the treatment of independent scientific advice
Science and Technology Select Committee report [Commons]
08.12.2009The creation of the Department for Business, Innovation and Skills and the departmental annual report...
Business, Innovation and Skills Select Committee report [Commons]
19.11.2009Bad language: the use and abuse of official language.
Public Administration Select Committee report [Commons]
22.10.2009The use of management consultants in the NHS and the Department of Health.
Government response. Department of Health report [Commons]
22.10.2009Good government.
Government response. Cabinet Office; Public Administration Select Committee report [Commons]
22.10.2009Lobbying: access and influence in Whitehall.
Government response. Cabinet Office; Public Administration Select Committee report [Commons]
20.10.2009Greening government.
Government response. Office of Government Commerce; Environmental Audit Select Committee report [Commons]
14.10.2009Evaluating the efficiency programme.
Government response. Treasury; Revenue and Customs; Treasury Select Committee report [Commons]
17.09.2009The balance of power: central and local government.
Government response. Communities and Local Government report [Commons]
21.07.2009Evaluating the efficiency programme.
Treasury Select Committee report [Commons]
16.07.2009Leaks and whistleblowing in Whitehall.
Public Administration Select Committee report [Commons]
14.07.2009Greening government.
Environmental Audit Select Committee report [Commons]
08.07.2009Learning and innovation in government.
Public Accounts Committee report [Commons]
08.07.2009Financial management in the Home Office.
Public Accounts Committee report [Commons]
10.06.2009The future of science scrutiny following the merger of DIUS and BERR.
Innovation, Universities, Science and Skills Select Committee report [Commons]
09.06.2009Good government.
Public Administration Select Committee report [Commons]
21.05.2009Further report on machinery of government changes.
Government response. Public Administration Select Committee report [Commons]
12.05.2009The balance of power: central and local government.
Communities and Local Government Select Committee report [Commons]
30.04.2009The use of management consultants by the NHS and the Department of Health.
Health Select Committee report [Commons]
23.04.2009Mandarins unpeeled: memoirs and commentary by former Ministers and civil servants.
Government response. Cabinet Office; Public Administration Select Committee report [Commons]
23.03.2009Central government's management of service contracts.
Public Accounts Committee report [Commons]
12.03.2009Ethics and standards: further report.
Government response. Cabinet Office; Public Administration Select Committee report [Commons]
02.03.2009Department for Work and Pensions: handling customer complaints.
Public Accounts Committee report [Commons]
16.12.2008Ethics and standards: further report.
Government response. Public Administration Select Committee report [Commons]
10.12.2008Government communications.
Communications Select Committee (HL) report [Lords]
09.12.2008Lobbying: access and influence in Whitehall.
Public Administration Select Committee report [Commons]