The monarch and Parliament

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overview


What does the Queen have to do with Parliament?

Queen Elizabeth visits the Houses of Parliament around once a year, arriving in grand style to open a new session of Parliament.

But why won't she go near the House of Commons chamber, and why do some people say she's 'above politics'? Keep clicking to find out...

 

Need to know

What does the Queen have to do with Parliament? Here's a list of useful things to remember...

 

Spot the monarch

You won't find the Queen in Parliament very often. But when she does visit - it's an important event.

 

Useful links

Videos, links and other stuff to help you learn more about the monarch and Parliament.

need to know


You know who the current monarch is - it's Queen Elizabeth II. But do you know about what she has to do with the UK Parliament?


The monarch: A few key facts


The monarch used to run the country, but not anymore

Queen VictoriaIn the past Britain's kings and queens were incredibly powerful. They controlled the decisions that affected everyone in the country. Today, most of the important decisions that affect us are made by MPs and members of the House of Lords.

 

It's not the UK Parliament without the monarch

The UK Parliament has the power to pass laws for our country. It's formed of representatives from three parts: 650 MPs in the House of Commons; over 700 members of the House of Lords; and the Queen, who represents the monarchy. 

 

The monarch gives 'final approval' to all laws

The Queen's signature: royal assentQueen Elizabeth signs her name to every Act of Parliament before it can become the law of the land. It would be very unusual for her to refuse. No monarch has refused Parliament's wishes for over 300 years.

 

The monarch opens Parliament every year

MPs and Lords don't meet in Parliament every day of the year. There are some breaks. It falls to the monarch to open each new meeting – or 'session' – of Parliament. It's rather like Parliament's version of a school assembly, held for everyone, at the start of a new academic year.

 

The monarch appoints the prime minister after an election

Number 10 Downing StreetThe Queen officially appoints the prime minister after a general election, although she doesn't choose the prime minister herself. By tradition, she appoints the leader of the political party that wins a majority of the seats in Parliament. If the election doesn't produce a clear winner, though, the monarch might have to decide which party leader will be in charge. 

 

When it comes to politics, the monarch is 'neutral'

The Queen doesn’t get involved in running the government. Nor does she publicly say what she thinks about political issues. This is why people sometimes say the monarch is 'above politics'.

 

spot the monarch


You probably know the Queen lives at Buckingham Palace, but she also visits the Houses of Parliament occasionally - usually just once a year.


Where you'll find the monarch in Parliament


State Opening of Parliament

The Queen and members of the Lords and Commons come together in this centuries-old tradition to mark the start of a new Parliament.

 

useful links


Learn more about the monarch and Parliament.


Links and resources


Newsreel footage: State Opening 1958

Watch Queen Elizabeth arrive at Parliament and give the Queen's Speech in the first ever televised State Opening. TV isn't what it used to be.

 

The Queen and the UK

Visit the British Monarchy's official website for more about the Queen's role as the UK's head of state.

 

Queen Elizabeth II: A profile

Find out more about the life and times of your current monarch, Queen Elizabeth II

 

BBC video: State Opening

A BBC reporter investigates this colourful ceremony.

 

Parliament is not responsible for the content of external sites.
 

Who is the monarch?

Queen Elizabeth II

The monarch is the king or queen. The UK's current monarch is Queen Elizabeth II, who came to the throne in 1952. She became queen after the previous monarch - her father George - died.

Buzzwords

  • Royal assent

    Ideas for new laws must be approved by the Commons and the Lords, but also by the Queen. The monarch's approval is called 'royal assent'. She has the right to say no to a new law, but this would be unusual. The last monarch to refuse was Queen Anne in 1707.

They said it...

'The sovereign has ... three rights – the right to be consulted, the right to encourage, the right to warn.'

  • Walter Bagehot, The English Constitution (1867)